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The following compilation of convents and monasteries in the city of Madrid includes monasteries past and present in Madrid, Spain, divided by the reign in which they were founded. The list gives a sense of how large the monastic communities grew to be in the capital city. Monastic institutions were abundant in Madrid and in Spain before the 19th century. An accurate history would trace the change in tenor and geography of the institutions over the ages, with novel infusions occurring over time, but these institutions commonly had a longevity measured in centuries, and therefore accumulated over the centuries to a great density. They came to control a substantial portion of land and property, and this, in part, led to the rapacious expropriations and dismantling in the 19th century, starting with the secularist Napoleonic administration but continuing through the liberal governments of the 1830s, and given strong impetus during the Ecclesiastical Confiscations of Mendizábal in 1835. Further spasms of destruction in Madrid occurred during the Spanish Civil War. Many of the boulevards and plazas of the present Madrid derive from the destruction of dozens of monasteries. For some, the only remnant is their church. Others have been put to secular uses. Others have vanished altogether, and only remain as a historic trace embedded in place-name. The exact number of monasteries and convents in Madrid prior to the ''Desamortizacion'' is unclear. Among contemporary sources, they list: *66 convents and 18 college in a city of 150,000 persons (by the early 19th century, supporting only 1900 monks and 800 nuns)〔Conder, Josiah, ''The Modern Traveller'', Volume 19 (1830) Josiah Conder, Page 84 and 179 Volume 19 1830〕 *68 convents (1830) 〔Inglis, Henry David; ''Spain in 1830''; page 257〕 *33 nunneries and 39 monasteries (1835).〔Poco Mas (Pseudonym); ''Scenes and Adventures through Spain 1835–1840'' (1845), pg. 246, Richard Bently, Publisher, New Burlington Street, Schulze and Company, 13 Poland Street.〕 *75 convents (1835) 〔Adriano Balbi & Thomas Gamaliel Bradford; ''An Abridgement of Universal Geography, Modern and Ancient'', pg. 262〕 While this number seems elevated, it was not the most densely monastic urban center in Spain. There are sources that claim Spain had over 9000 monasteries prior to the 19th century.〔An Abridgement of Universal Geography, Modern and Ancient, P. 262, Adriano Balbi & Thomas Gamaliel Bradford〕 The distribution was not even across the peninsula. Some small towns for historical circumstances had accumulated many institutions; for example, Ávila with 1000 households, had 9 monasteries and 7 nunneries. The entire province of Galicia, with a population of 1.3 million had a total of 98 monastic houses with a population of 2400 monks and 600 nuns. The province of Leon, with half the population had twice the number of monasteries. In the early 19th century, the ancient, and theologically important, city of Toledo had 90 monasteries and 68 nunneries in a city of 25 thousand persons.〔Conder, Josiah. The Modern Traveller (1930)〕 ==Medieval== *Convent of San Martín, (Benedictine Order): This convent predated the 12th century, existed in front of the Descalzas Reales, and was torn down by Joseph Bonaparte. A plaza with its name remains. *Monastery of San Francisco, (Franciscan order): An unlikely legend holds that the monastery was founded by St. Francis of Assisi in 1217. Charles III patronized the construction of a new church of San Francisco el Grande, between 1761 and 1784. *Santo Domingo el Real, (Dominican order): Founded in 1218 by Saint Dominic de Guzmán. Torn down in the 19th century to enlarge the Plaza de Santo Domingo. *San Jerónimo el Real, (Hieronymite order): Founded in 1464, besides the Manzanares (below the actual Moncloa Palace) by Henry IV, brother of Isabel I of Castile, who moved the convent in 1490 to the Prado de San Jerónimo. Destroyed by the French in 1810. The church was later reconstructed. *Santa Clara, (Order of St. Clare): Founded in 1460 by the wife of Álvarez de Toledo, Treasurer to Henry IV. Stood behind the church of Santiago. Torn down by Joseph Bonaparte to open up Plaza de Oriente. Gave rise to Santa Clara Street. *Constantinopla, (Order of Franciscan Nuns): Founded in 1469 in Mayor street, and stood in front of the Town Hall. Destroyed in the 19th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of monasteries in Madrid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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